News 8 June 2013

Unloading Circulation of Drugs in Prison, Police Secure Way yam 4 InmatesAdan Fuel - detikNewsLampung - Bandar Lampung Police Drug Unit back dismantle drug trafficking networks in correctional institutions (prisons) Way yam, Lampung. The police managed to arrest four inmates who actively control the sale of drugs. In addition, police also secured to a courier.Hadi prisoners were secured Afriadi (30) and Apin (28) who is a citizen of Bandar Lampung, Purna Irawan (32), a resident of West Java, and Candara Chaniago (34) Acehnese. While the courier who was arrested is Andri Kurniawan (28) resident of Bandar Lampung.Drug naked Bandar Lampung Police Commissioner Sunaryoto explained, the discovery of drugs in the prison network originated from the arrest of two people, Suherman (31) and Andri Kurniawan (28), which is being used cannabis at a house in Jalan RE Martadinata, Gang Barokah, District of West Telukbetung , Bandar Lampung, on Monday (3/6) ago."In the arrest, police confiscated methamphetamine and some marijuana package dry. Having checked Andi admitted that marijuana is a surrogate one prisoner in prison Way yam. Of information that the police investigate the case and to develop into prisons, "said Sunaryoto told AFP on Saturday (06/08/2013).Evidence secured from Andi and Suherman home, police found three small packs of shabu-shabu, a set of suction shabu-shabu, two packages of dried marijuana leaves as much as 2 kg of small and large sizes.The police then worked with the Head of Prison yam Way to catch inmates who coordinate drug trafficking. The police had managed to arrest four inmates who are related to each other. In the prison, the police managed to secure mobile phones belonging to the prisoners.According Sunaryoto, inmates ordered one prisoner to another to obtain marijuana. Inmates who have a network outside of this later book and asked to be taken to the prison. Andrew had been the intermediary to buy and deliver marijuana. "The plan, 1 kg of marijuana would be sold in the prison and the rest are sold out. Cannabis dealer ordered the wrong one, Udin, who until now have not been caught, "he said.Andrew admitted to police twice already deliver marijuana into the prison. Marijuana was put in prison by the way threw it over the wall. The couriers get paid 500 thousand each time managed to get marijuana into the prison.Sunaryoto added, which controls drug prisoners is indeed so inmates for the same case. They've been sentenced to long prison terms up to more than five years. Next they will be tried again for new cases of drug trafficking in prison.

My Opinion
Drugs are the world's problems, especially in Indonesia, which is difficult for us to destroy, persons involved in drug trafficking is a devil circle that can not terlapas of the job.
there is a leader dealer in Indonesia, we can assist the government in combating drug with knowledge of the dangers of drugs
but it also forces parties to be responsive to face drug trafficking problems are more widespread

Source : http://news.detik.com/read/2013/06/08/083128/2267722/10/bongkar-peredaran-narkoba-dalam-lapas-polisi-amankan-4-napi-way-huwi 

What Is Cancer? What Causes Cancer?

Cancer is a class of diseases characterized by out-of-control cell growth. There are over 100 different types of cancer, and each is classified by the type of cell that is initially affected.
Cancer harms the body when damaged cells divide uncontrollably to form lumps or masses of tissue called tumors (except in the case of leukemia where cancer prohibits normal blood function by abnormal cell division in the blood stream). Tumors can grow and interfere with the digestive, nervous, and circulatory systems, and they can release hormones that alter body function. Tumors that stay in one spot and demonstrate limited growth are generally considered to be benign.

More dangerous, or malignant, tumors form when two things occur:

1. a cancerous cell manages to move throughout the body using the blood or lymph systems, destroying healthy tissue in a process called invasion
2. that cell manages to divide and grow, making new blood vessels to feed itself in a process called angiogenesis.

When a tumor successfully spreads to other parts of the body and grows, invading and destroying other healthy tissues, it is said to have metastasized. This process itself is called metastasis, and the result is a serious condition that is very difficult to treat.
How cancer spreads - scientists reported in Nature Communications (October 2012 issue) that they have discovered an important clue as to why cancer cells spread. It has something to do with their adhesion (stickiness) properties. Certain molecular interactions between cells and the scaffolding that holds them in place (extracellular matrix) cause them to become unstuck at the original tumor site, they become dislodged, move on and then reattach themselves at a new site.
The researchers say this discovery is important because cancer mortality is mainly due to metastatic tumors, those that grow from cells that have traveled from their original site to another part of the body. Only 10% of cancer deaths are caused by the primary tumors.
The scientists, from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, say that finding a way to stop cancer cells from sticking to new sites could interfere with metastatic disease, and halt the growth of secondary tumors.
In 2007, cancer claimed the lives of about 7.6 million people in the world. Physicians and researchers who specialize in the study, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cancer are called oncologists.
Malignant cells are more agile than non-malignant ones - scientists from the Physical Sciences-Oncology Centers, USA, reported in the journal Scientific Reports (April 2013 issue) that malignant cells are much “nimbler” than non-malignant ones. Malignant cells can pass more easily through smaller gaps, as well as applying a much greater force on their environment compared to other cells.
Professor Robert Austin and team created a new catalogue of the physical and chemical features of cancerous cells with over 100 scientists from 20 different centers across the United States.
The authors believe their catalogue will help oncologists detect cancerous cells in patients early on, thus preventing the spread of the disease to other parts of the body
Prof. Austin said "By bringing together different types of experimental expertise to systematically compare metastatic and non-metastatic cells, we have advanced our knowledge of how metastasis occurs."

What causes cancer?

Cancer is ultimately the result of cells that uncontrollably grow and do not die. Normal cells in the body follow an orderly path of growth, division, and death. Programmed cell death is called apoptosis, and when this process breaks down, cancer begins to form. Unlike regular cells, cancer cells do not experience programmatic death and instead continue to grow and divide. This leads to a mass of abnormal cells that grows out of control.

My Comment
indeed cancer is one of the dangerous diseases other than heart disease. This cancer is caused from human lifestyle that often consume chemicals and are not accepted by the body, so the body gives a negative response, causing swelling of the cancer cells in the body and the cells continue to grow and can both cause death to a person.
many ways to deal with the disease it helps us to prevent, that is by consuming vegetables and fruit without chemicals. one of the fruits for cancer prevention tomato is a fruit, it helps us to consume this fruit a day at least one fruit .
 Source : http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/cancer-oncology/
and my opinion

What Is a Computers?

What is a Computer?

In its most basic form a computer is any device which aids humans in performing various kinds of computations or calculations. In that respect the earliest computer was the abacus, used to perform basic arithmetic operations.

Every computer supports some form of input, processing, and output. This is less obvious on a primitive device such as the abacus where input, output and processing are simply the act of moving the pebbles into new positions, seeing the changed positions, and counting. Regardless, this is what computing is all about, in a nutshell. We input information, the computer processes it according to its basic logic or the program currently running, and outputs the results.

Modern computers do this electronically, which enables them to perform a vastly greater number of calculations or computations in less time. Despite the fact that we currently use computers to process images, sound, text and other non-numerical forms of data, all of it depends on nothing more than basic numerical calculations. Graphics, sound etc. are merely abstractions of the numbers being crunched within the machine; in digital computers these are the ones and zeros, representing electrical on and off states, and endless combinations of those. In other words every image, every sound, and every word have a corresponding binary code.

While abacus may have technically been the first computer most people today associate the word “computer” with electronic computers which were invented in the last century, and have evolved into modern computers we know of today.

Interpreter Engine : www.translate.com

Polution Air

Smog hanging over cities is the most familiar and obvious form of air pollution. But there are different kinds of pollution—some visible, some invisible—that contribute to global warming. Generally any substance that people introduce into the atmosphere that has damaging effects on living things and the environment is considered air pollution.
Carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, is the main pollutant that is warming Earth. Though living things emit carbon dioxide when they breathe, carbon dioxide is widely considered to be a pollutant when associated with cars, planes, power plants, and other human activities that involve the burning of fossil fuels such as gasoline and natural gas. In the past 150 years, such activities have pumped enough carbon dioxide into the atmosphere to raise its levels higher than they have been for hundreds of thousands of years.
Other greenhouse gases include methane—which comes from such sources as swamps and gas emitted by livestock—and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which were used in refrigerants and aerosol propellants until they were banned because of their deteriorating effect on Earth's ozone layer.
Another pollutant associated with climate change is sulfur dioxide, a component of smog. Sulfur dioxide and closely related chemicals are known primarily as a cause of acid rain. But they also reflect light when released in the atmosphere, which keeps sunlight out and causes Earth to cool. Volcanic eruptions can spew massive amounts of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere, sometimes causing cooling that lasts for years. In fact, volcanoes used to be the main source of atmospheric sulfur dioxide; today people are.
Industrialized countries have worked to reduce levels of sulfur dioxide, smog, and smoke in order to improve people's health. But a result, not predicted until recently, is that the lower sulfur dioxide levels may actually make global warming worse. Just as sulfur dioxide from volcanoes can cool the planet by blocking sunlight, cutting the amount of the compound in the atmosphere lets more sunlight through, warming the Earth. This effect is exaggerated when elevated levels of other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap the additional heat.
Most people agree that to curb global warming, a variety of measures need to be taken. On a personal level, driving and flying less, recycling, and conservation reduces a person’s "carbon footprint"—the amount of carbon dioxide a person is responsible for putting into the atmosphere.
On a larger scale, governments are taking measures to limit emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. One way is through the Kyoto Protocol, an agreement between countries that they will cut back on carbon dioxide emissions. Another method is to put taxes on carbon emissions or higher taxes on gasoline, so that people and companies will have greater incentives to conserve energy and pollute less.

Source : Book Polution City(2008) and my description

Tugas Bahasa Inggris

1. The defendant refused to answer the prosecutor’s question ….

My answer :

a.Because he was afraid it would in criminate him.

Because : said it already represents the answer, and the question shaped past sentences, the verb2 form of the word refused.

2. Mrs. Walker has returned ….

My answer :

d.The wallet to its original owner

Because : after the return should be the object, shaped pasten returned, so the correct answer The wallet to its original owner .

3. The hospital owes …. For the contruction of the new wing.

My answer :

a.The government twenty million dollars

Because : after the word owes (verb direct) should direct object, there should be no prepositions, The Government is the object.

4. Sarah …. That she could not attend classes next week.

My answer :

c.Told her propessors

Because : after the direct object must be told that her professors

5. The artist was asked to show some paintings at the contest because ….

My answer :

a.He painted very good

Because : forms of past and get on with it clause

6. If motorists do not observe (A) the (B) traffic regulations, they (C) will be stopped, ticketed, and have to pay a fine (D).

My answer :

D.have to pay a fine

Because : must be parallel, word would have to pay a fine should be paid directly (shape verb3)

7. Fred, who usually conducts the choir rehearsals (A), did not show up (B) last night because he had (C) an accidents on his way to the practice (D)

My answer :

C.had

Because : no parallel

8. A short time (A) before her operation last (B) month, Mrs. Carlyle dreams (C) of her daughter who lives overseas (D).

My answer :

C.Dreams

Because : should use the word dream to be dreamed verb 2

9. The atmosphere in Andalucia (A) is open, warm, and gives a welcome feeling (B) to all who (C) have the good (D) fortune to visit there.

My answer :

B.Gives a welcome feeling

Because : must be parallel, and gives the word changed to give

10. Some of the (A) people were standing (B) in the street watched (C) the parade, while other (D) where singing songs.

My answer :

A.Of the

Because : some peolpe should not have to use of the

TOEFL EXERCISE Softskill UG

Nama : Muhammad Ashar Hafiz
NPM : 29210200
Kelas : 3EB15

1. Nobody know when the process of glass-making was invented.
   

The incorrect word : A. know
The reason : Nobody is a singular subject. so the verb is must be followed by s/es
The correct sentence : Nobody knows when the process of glass-making was invented.

2. The languages of the world presents a vast array of structural similarities and differences.
   

The incorrect word : A. presents
The reason : because the languages is a plural subject, so that it does not need to be followed by s/es in the end of the verb.
The correct sentence : The languages of the world present a vast array of structural similarities and differences.

3. The rise of multinationals have resulted in a great deal of legal ambiguity because multinationals can operate in so many jurisdictions.
   

The incorrect word : A. have
The reason : The rise of multinationals is looks like a plural subject, but it can be change to ‘it‘ which is a singular subject that has the auxiliary verb such as : is,was, does,has.
The correct sentence : The rise of multinationals has resulted in a great deal of legal ambiguity because multinationals can operate in so many jurisdictions.

4. All of the east-west interstate highways in the United States has even numbers,while north-south interstate highways are odd-numbered.
   

The incorrect word : A. has
The reason : All of the east-west interstate highways is a plural subject so it must be followed by the one of auxiliary verb for the plural subject, have.
The correct sentence : All of the east-west interstate highways in the United States have even numbers,while north-south interstate highways are odd-numbered.

5. When a massive star in the large Magellanic Cloud exploded in 1987, a wave of neutrinos were defected on Earth.
   

The incorrect word : D. were
The reason : a wave of neutrinos is a singular subject, so it must follow with was the one of auxiliary verb for singular subject.
The correct sentence : When a massive star in the large Magellanic Cloud exploded in 1987, a wave of neutrinos was defected on Earth.

6. Every open space in the targeted area that has grass and a few bushes are occupied by the white-crowned sparrow.
   

The incorrect word : C. are
The reason : every open space is a singular subject. so it must be followed by is, not are.
The correct sentence : Every open space in the targeted area that has grass and a few bushes is occupied by the white-crowned sparrow.

7. Krakatoa is remembered as the volcano that put so much ash into the air that sunsets around the world was affected for two years afterward.The incorrect word : B. put
   

The reason : krakatoa is a singular subject. So it must be followed by singular verb that contains s/es in the end of the word.
The correct sentence : Krakatoa is remembered as the volcano that puts so much ash into the air that sunsets around the world was affected for two years afterward.

8. The term “Yankee” was originally a nickname for people from New England, but now anyone from the United States are referred to as a Yankee.
   

The incorrect word : B. are
The reason : anyone is a singular verb, and from the beginning of this sentence suggests the singular too.
The correct sentence : The term “Yankee” was originally a nickname for people from New England, but now anyone from the United States is referred to as a Yankee.

9. A network of small arteries,mostly sandwiched between the skin and the underlying muscles,supply blood to the face and scalp.
   

The incorrect word : C. supply
The reason : a network of small arteries included in the singular subject, so the verb must be followed by s/es.
The correct sentence : A network of small arteries,mostly sandwiched between the skin and the underlying muscles,supplies blood to the face and scalp.

10. Mesquite is a small tree in the Southwest who can withstand the severest drought.
    

The incorrect word : D. withstand
The reason : Mesquite is a singular subject. So, the verb must be followed by s/es.
The correct sentence :Mesquite is a small tree in the Southwest who can withstands the severest drought.

PERBEDAAN ANTARA KONTEKSTUAL DAN KONSEPTUAL

PERBEDAAN ANTARA KONTEKSTUAL DAN KONSEPTUAL

Bahasa Indonesia 2 #
Tulisan

Menurut kamus besar bahasa indonesia yang saya telusuri diperoleh arti/definisi sebagai berikut :

Konsep          : Rancangan (rencana) tertulis perumusan sementara mengenai suatu

undang-undang peraturan penetapan.

Konteks         :Suasana, bagian yang mendahului sesuatu (khas kalimat atau ayat)     dan bagian berikutnya.

Sedangkan pengertian kerangka konseptual dan kontekstual adalah sebagai berikut:

·     Kerangka konseptual adalah kesimpulan yang bersifat sementara dari tinjauan teoritis yang mencerminkan hubungan antar variabel yang sedang diteliti. Menurut Sugiyono (2004 : 49) kerangka konseptual merupakan sintesa tentang hubungan antar variabel yang disusun dari berbagai teori yang telah dideskripsikan.

Kerangka Konseptual adalah antara jenis teori yang mencoba untuk menghubungkan ke semua aspek yang ditemui ( definisi masalah, tujuan,sorotan kajian, metodologi,pengumpulan dan penganalisisan data. Kerangka Konseptual berperanan sebagai peta yang berkaitan dengan penemuan secara impirikal (pemerhatian atau ujian ). Ini karena, kerangka konseptual berpontensi sangat berhubungan penemuan impirikal mereka menggunakan bentuk-bentuk yang berbeda tergantung kepada persoalan atau masalah kajian.

·        Kerangka kontekstual adalah satu koleksi konsep-konsep yang berkaitan. Kerangka kontekstual menjadi panduan dalam menjalankan sesuatu kajian. Ia menjadi penentu kepada perkara-perkara yang ingin diukur dan melihat hubungan-hubungan satistik yang akan dicari.

Dengan kata lain, kerangka teori (kontekstual)  adalah huraian yang menegaskan tentang teori yang dijadikan landasan dan andaian-andaian teori, yang mana teori tersebut akan menjelaskan fenomena yang dikaji.

Pendekatan Kontekstual

Dalam dunia pendidikan sering dijumpai kata kontekstual yang mendefinisikan proses pembelajaran yang diterapkan oleh pendidik. Pendekatan konstektual merupakan suatu konsep belajar dimana guru menghadirkan situasi dunia nyata kedalam kelas dan mendorong siswa membuat membuat hubungan antara pengetahuan yang dimilikinya dengan penerapannya dalam kehidupan mereka sebagai anggota keluarga dan masyarakat. Hasil pembekajaran diharapkan lebih bermakna bagi anak untuk memecahkan persoalan, berfikir kritis danmelaksanakan observasi serta menarik kesimpulan dalam kehidupan jangka panjangnya.

Dalam tata bahasa Indonesia konseptual dan kontekstual memiliki makna dan pengertian tersendiri.

1.    Makna kontekstual dapat diartikan sebagai makna kata yang berada pada suatu uraian atau kalimat yang dapat mengandung atau menambah kejelasan makna, yang dipengaruhi oleh situasi, tempat, waktu, lingkungan penggunaan kata tersebut. Artinya, munculnya makna kontekstual bisa disebabkan oleh situasi, tempat, waktu, dan lingkungan. Misalnya penggunaan makna kontokstual terdapat pada kalimat berikut:

a.    Kanaya menjadi tangan kanan di perusahaan tempat ia bekerja.

b.    Hamed terjatuh dari pohon, sehingga tangannya terluka.

Arti makna kata :

a.    Kata “tangan” yang terdapat dalam kalimat tersebut mempunyai arti orang kepercayaan.  Makna tersebut dipengaruhi oleh situasi dan kondisi.

b.    Kata “tangan” yang terdapat dalam kalimat tersebut adalah makna denotasi (makna sebenarnya) yang berarti bagian dari organ tubuh manusia.

2.    Makna konseptual diartikan sebagai hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan konsep. Dapat dikatakan, makna konseptual merupakan makna yang ada pada kata yang tidak tergantung pada konteks kalimat. Makna konseptual sama artinya dengan makna denotatif, mana referensial,dan makna gramatikal. Contoh dari makna konseptual yaitu terdapat pada contoh diatas bagian (b).

Sumber :

http://colinawati.blog.uns.ac.id/2010/05/10/12/

http://malingall.blogspot.com/